Monday, December 23, 2013

Unit 1(P3): Introduction to Management: Characteristics of Management

Characteristics of Management?

1. Achieving objectives.

2. Working with others.

3. Attaining effectiveness and efficiency, 

i) Efficiency refers to doing things in a right manner.            Effectiveness refers to doing the right thing
ii) Focus on process, gives importance to means.                Focus on achieving end goal.
iii) It is concerned with present state or status quo.               It is concerned with future variable.
iv) It is documentation and repetition of the same steps.        It encourages innovation, demanding to think
v) Output to input ratio                                                        Looks whether actual output
vi) Focus on getting max out put with minimum input.            Focus on  the desired output with given input.
vii) Reactive to change                                                          Proactive to change.
viii) It emphasizes on reduction of time and wastage.               It emphasizes on intended outcome. 
ix) Using resources wisely and in a cost effective way            Making right decisions and implementing.

4. Takes situational approach/ contingency approach (suggest there will never be a generic solution to any particular problem).

5. Coping with the environment.

6. Continuous and never ending process.

7. Management is pervasive/ universality in application. (Spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people).

8. Responding to social needs (Focus on social responsibility, Organization takes input form society and give output to society).

9. Result oriented science (Management problem and issues can be approached in rational, logical, objective, and systematic way; manager use data, facts, and objective and can use quantitative model and decision-making techniques to arrive at correct decisions) and Art (Managers may often make decisions and solve problems on the basis of intuition, experience, instinct, and personal insight, relying on conceptual, communication, interpersonal, and time management skill).

18 comments:

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  2. Important characteristics of management:

    1. Management as a continuous process:

    Management can be considered as a process because it consists of planning, organizing, activating and controlling the resources (personnel and capital) of an organization. So they are used to the best advantage in achieving the objectives of the organization.

    None of the managerial functions would produce the ultimate results in the absence of all other basic functions. Hence we can say that management is a continuous process.

    2. Management as a discipline:

    Since the boundaries of management are not exact as that of any other physical sciences, it may not fit in very well for being addressed as discipline. However its status as a discipline increases because it continuously discovers many aspects of business enterprises and also passes on the verified knowledge to the practitioners of the managerial process.

    3. Management as a career:

    As a career or occupation, management is a broad concept- Management itself can be regarded as a career, but it also presents a variety of interesting and challenging careers focused on specialized occupations in the fields such as marketing, finance and personnel.

    4. Management as an Applied Science:

    Even though management is a science so far as it possesses a systematized body of knowledge and uses scientific methods of research, it is not an exact science, like natural sciences which deal with living phenomena such as botany and medicine.

    Hence, management is definitely a social science like economics or psychology and has the same institutions which these and other social sciences have.

    5. Universal Application:

    Management is a universal activity, applied to any form of activity, economic or otherwise.

    6. Goal Oriented:

    Management has the task of attaining certain objectives. The success or failure of the management depends on how far it is able to attain the desired goals. It is judged by the extent to which it achieves its targets.

    7. Guidance:

    The main task of the management is guidance in the utilization of material and human resources in the best possible way. Through optimum utilization of resources it has to ensure that the objectives are attained. The essential element of management is that it gets the work done by coordinating the performance of those who actually perform diverse and specific jobs.

    8. Divorced from proprietorship:

    Management does not signify proprietorship. In earlier days, management and enterprise were lumped into the same factor. It now refers to a specialized group of people who have acquired the ability to carry out a project.

    9. An activating factor:

    Management is the factor which activates other factors of production. A manager's skill lies in motivating his workers through guidance, training, incentives, rewards, status, security, control, etc. So a mangers' ability lies in the fact that he is able to motivate others to apply their skill to the best advantage of the enterprise in the accomplishment of its objectives.

    10. Management is a human activity:

    Management functions are discharged only by individuals. No corporate body or an artificial being can perform the work of a management. Although it is an activity which may be performed by an individual it cannot be seen. It can only be felt.

    11. Management signifies authority:

    Since the essence of management is to direct, guide and control, it has to have authority. Authority is the power to compel others to work and behave in a particular manner. Management cannot discharge its function without authority. It is the foundation of management. Since management has authority it stands at a higher pedestal.

    12. Leadership:

    The management has to lead a team of workers. It must be capable of inspiring, motivating and winning their confidence.

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  3. Characteristics of Management

    1. Management is the process of organized activities. So without organization management is not possible
    2. Existence of goal is needed for management. If there is no goal, there is no need for the management.
    3. Proper decision making. Management should choose best alternative for the process that is to be conducted.
    4. There should be a sound relationship with or among resources. Resources here means, money, machine, materials , people and other organizations.
    5. Management is working with or through people.

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  4. Characteristics of Management

    1.Management is a managerial process
    2.Management is a social process.
    3.Management is action-based
    4.Management involves achieving results through the efforts of others
    5.Management is a group activity
    6.Management is intangible
    7.Management is aided, not replaced by computers
    8.Management is all pervasive
    9.Management is an art, science as well as a profession
    10.Management aims at coordination of activities
    11.Management is innovative
    12.Management has different operational levels
    13.Management is different from ownership
    14.Management has vast scope
    15.Management is dynamic
    16.Management aims at achieving predetermined objectives

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  5. Characteristics of management
    1.Achieving the objective
    2.Working with others which emphasis on teamwork basically.
    3.Attaining efficiency(getting things right) and effectiveness(doing the right things).
    4.Adopting the situations and circumstances faced on each occasion.
    5.Coping with environment.
    6.Working throughout the process.
    7.Management is universal activity,applied in any form of activity.
    8.Focused on social responsibility i.e. takes resources from society and gives them the better output.
    9.Result oriented science
    10.Management is action based.

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  6. The main characteristics of management are as follows:

    I. Management is an activity: Management is an activity which is concerned with the efficient utilization of human and non-human resources of production.

    II. Invisible Force: Management is an invisible force. Its existence can be felt through the enterprise or institution it is managing.

    III. Goal Oriented: Management is goal oriented as it aims to achieve some definite goals and objectives. According to the Haimann, "Effective management is always management by objectives". Managers and other personnel officers apply their knowledge, experience and skills to achieve the desired objectives.

    IV. Accomplishment through the efforts of Others: Managers cannot do everything themselves. They must have the necessary ability and skills to get work accomplished through the efforts of others.

    V. Universal activity: Management is universal. Management is required in all types or organizations. Wherever there are some activities, there is management. The basic principles of management are universal and can be applied anywhere and in every field, such as business, social, religious, cultural, sports, administration, educational, politics or military.

    VI. Art as well as Science: Management is both an art and a science. It is a science as it has an organized body of knowledge which contains certain universal truths and an art as managing requires certain skills which apply more or less in every situation.

    VII. Multidisciplinary Knowledge: Though management is a distinct discipline, it contains principles drawn from many social sciences like psychology, sociology etc.

    VIII. Management is distinct from ownership: In modern times, there is a divorce of management from ownership. Today, big corporations are owned by a vast number of shareholders while their management is in the hands of paid qualified, competent and experienced managerial personnel.

    IX. Need at all levels: According to the nature of task and scope of authority, management is needed at all levels of the organization, i.e., top level, middle and lower level.

    X. Integrated process: Management is an integrated process. It integrates the men, machine and material to carryout the operations of the enterprise efficiently and successfully. This integrating process is result oriented.

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  7. The characteristics of management are as follows:
    1. Goal Oriented: Every organization is established for a specific goal or objective. Management is a system that contributes for the efficient use of manpower and physical resources to achieve pre-determined objectives. The main motive of organization is to maximize productivity with minimum effort.

    2. Social Process: Management is the part of social or human process. Management accomplishes its activities with or through social people. Management utilizes human resources for the achievement of organizational goals. Hence, management has to consider not only organizational objective but also social objective.


    3. Dynamic/Modifiable Activity: It is dynamic and continuous function. The management system of today may not be applicable or effective after certain duration of time. Therefore, management must be dynamic and flexible according to time and situation and needs of the society. This flexibility is essential to adjust an organization and its activities with the changing knowledge, skills, scientific discoveries, ideas and environment of the business.

    4. Group Activity: The concept of management is not applicable where only one person or proprietor is working. Hence, it represents a team of people involved in various managerial and execution functions. It plays important role where formal group of people are involved to achieve common objectives.


    5. Distinct Process: Management is a distinct or specific process which involves various types of functions with the use of available resources to achieve the predetermined objectives. Here one function of management is interrelated with another function. The management clearly defines the specific process of work to be done to gain the desired objective.

    6. Both Tangible and Intangible: Management is both tangible and intangible in nature. Management is considered as tangible when it is taken as a group. Similarly, it is taken as intangible when we appreciate or condemn the result produced by it. However, system of management cannot be seen but can be felt only. People can judge the effectiveness of management by showing its impact and result.

    7. Both Science and Art: Management is both science and art. It is science because it is based on some basic principles of universal application. It is also an art because the results of an organization depend upon the personal skill, experience and efficiency of manager and his subordinates.

    8. A Profession: Management is also regarded as profession which needs knowledge for the achievement of goals. The corporate business organizations are entrusted management function to professional mangers. They must be creative and skillful to adjust themselves with the changing environment of the business.



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  8. Characteristics of Management:
    1) Achieving the objectives
    2) Working with other
    3) Attaining efficiency and effectiveness
    4) Adopting situational approach
    5) Coping with environment
    6) Responding to social needs
    7) Growing professionalism
    8) Universality in application

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  9. Characteristics of management.
    1.Achieving goals:{org comes to existence to attain certian goals;goal setting is strategic part of manager's job;manager's effeciency can be measured by capability of setting goals and attaining success for organization)
    2.Working with others:{management provides allocation of people to certain work assuring their capablities and effeciency;and working jointly to bring optimum and effective outputs.}
    3.Attaining effeciency and effectiveness:{effeciency means producing large number of outputs minimizing resources and time for production & effectiveness means producing best quality goods and services (mainly gaining required goal);management become effective when managers choose appropriate goals}
    4.Adopting situational approach:{Organization has system and rules for structures,leadership style,planning function and other management practices.however the roles and function can be performed differently in better way according to different situation in which manager should adopt his decision according to cicumtances}
    5.Coping with the environment:{effectiveness also lies in this.Management have internal and external(most powerful influence) environmental influence.changes taking place in socio-ultural,legal,political,technology and economic and various human rights affect organization in various ways.thus management has to reshape to such modernized practices so that management dont lack behind in market pace and doesnt involve in risks}

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  10. characteristics of management:
    -goal oriented
    -universal activity
    -social process
    -dynamic activity
    -group activity
    -distinct process
    -both science and art
    -a profession
    -multi-disciplinary in nature

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  11. Following are the characteristics of management:

    Organized Activities: Management is a process of organized activities. Groups of people cannot be involved in the performance of activities without organized activities. Management comes into existence where a group of people are involved in achieving a common objective. The organized activities may take a variety of forms ranging from a tightly structured organization to a loosely-knit organization.

    Existence of Objectives: The existence of objectives is a basic criterion of every human organization. The organizational objectives are the desired state of affairs which an organization attempts to realize. This realization of objectives is sought through the coordinated efforts of the people constituting an organization.

    Decision-making: Management process involves decision making at all levels. Decision-making describes the process by which a course of action is selected as the way to deal with a specific problem. If there is only one alternative, the question of decision making does not arise. The quality of alternatives which a manger selects determines the organization’s performance, and the future of the organization.

    Relationship among resources: The essence of management is integration of various organizational resources. Resources include money, machine, materials, and people. Management is concerned with the proper utilization of human resources which, in turn, utilize other resources.

    Working with and through people: Management involves working with people and getting organizational objectives achieved through them. Working through people is interpreted in terms of assigning activities to subordinates.

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  12. "Characteristics of Management"
    - Achieving the objectives
    - Working with other
    - Attaining efficiency and effectiveness
    - Adopting situation approach
    - Coping with environment

    ReplyDelete
  13. characteristics of management:
    -goal oriented
    -universal activity
    -social process
    -dynamic activity
    -group activity
    -distinct process
    -both science and art
    -a profession
    -multi-disciplinary in nature

    ReplyDelete
  14. 1.Management is objective oriented
    2.Management is a social process.
    3.Management is action-based
    4.Management involves achieving results through the efforts of others
    5.Management is a group activity
    6.Management is intangible
    7.Management is aided, not replaced by computers
    8.Management is all pervasive
    9.Management is an art, science as well as a profession
    10.Management aims at coordination of activities

    ReplyDelete
  15. 12 important characteristics of management:

    1. Management as a continuous process:

    Management can be considered as a process because it consists of planning, organizing, activating and controlling the resources (personnel and capital) of an organization. So they are used to the best advantage in achieving the objectives of the organization.

    None of the managerial functions would produce the ultimate results in the absence of all other basic functions. Hence we can say that management is a continuous process.

    2. Management as a discipline:

    Since the boundaries of management are not exact as that of any other physical sciences, it may not fit in very well for being addressed as discipline. However its status as a discipline increases because it continuously discovers many aspects of business enterprises and also passes on the verified knowledge to the practitioners of the managerial process.

    3. Management as a career:

    As a career or occupation, management is a broad concept- Management itself can be regarded as a career, but it also presents a variety of interesting and challenging careers focused on specialized occupations in the fields such as marketing, finance and personnel.

    4. Management as an Applied Science:

    Even though management is a science so far as it possesses a systematized body of knowledge and uses scientific methods of research, it is not an exact science, like natural sciences which deal with living phenomena such as botany and medicine.

    Hence, management is definitely a social science like economics or psychology and has the same institutions which these and other social sciences have.

    ReplyDelete
  16. characteristics of management are listed below:-
    Management is organized activities.
    Management is action-based
    Management involves achieving results through the efforts of others
    Management is a group activity
    Management is intangible
    Relationship among resources
    Management is a strategic function

    ReplyDelete
  17. 1.Management is objective oriented
    2.Management is a social process.
    3.Management is action-based
    4.Management involves achieving results through the efforts of others
    5.Management is a group activity
    6.Management is a distinct process
    7.Management is both science and art
    8.Management is profession
    9.Management is amulti-disciplinary in nature.

    ReplyDelete
  18.  Universal: All the organizations, whether it is profit-making or not, they require management, for managing their activities. Hence it is universal in nature.
     Goal Oriented: Every organization is set up with a predetermined objective and management helps in reaching those goals timely, and smoothly.
     Continuous Process: It is an ongoing process which tends to persist as long as the organization exists. It is required in every sphere of the organization whether it is production, human resource, finance or marketing.
     Multi-dimensional: Management is not confined to the administration of people only, but i++t also manages work, processes and operations, which makes it a multi-disciplinary activity.
     Group activity: An organization consists of various members who have different needs, expectations and beliefs

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