Saturday, May 24, 2014

Unit 4 (P 35) Managing Work Teams: concept, types and strategy

Teams in organization
  • Teams normally have members with complementary skills and generate synergy ((Synergy may be defined as two or more things functioning together to produce a result not independently obtainable)) through a coordinated effort which allows each member to maximize his/her strengths and minimize his/her weaknesses. 
  • A work team generates positive that would create an overall level of performance that is greater than the sum of those individual inputs.
  • Team members need to learn how to help one another, help other team members realize their true potential, and create an environment that allows everyone to go beyond their limitations.
  • Team members: (1) operate with a high degree of interdependence, (2) share authority and responsibility for self-management, (3) are accountable for the collective performance, and (4) work toward a common goal and shared rewards(s).
  • A team becomes more than just a collection of people when a strong sense of mutual commitment creates synergy, thus generating performance greater than the sum of the performance of its individual members.
  • T.E.A.M = Together everyone achieves more.
Characteristics of Teams:
  • It is small group of people with complementary skills:
  • All team members have common goal:
  • It is self directing, autonomous and self directing:
  • It has individual and mutual accountability;
  • It generates synergy:

The value or Importance of teams
  • Teams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being done require multiple skills, judgment and experience:
  • Teams use employee talents better:
  • Teams are more flexible and responsive to changes in the environment:
  • Teams facilitate employee involvement:
  • Teams are an effective way to democratize an organization and increase motivation:
  • Increase employee motivation:
  • Higher level of productivity:
  • Improved communication:
  • Increased employee satisfaction.
  • Common commitment to goals.
  • Expanded job skills.


Difference between Work Group and Work Teams
Work Groups Work teams
Individual Accountability Individual and mutual accountability
Focus on individual Goals Focus on team goals
Synergy is neutral (sometimes negative) Positive synergy
Member have random and varied skills Members have complementary skills
All groups are not teams. All teams are groups
share information Collective performance
a work group has a strong leader shared leadership role







Types of team

Problem Solving Teams:
Problem-solving teams or task forces are formed when a problem arises that cannot be solved within the standard organizational structure. These teams are generally cross-functional; that is, the members come from different areas of the organization, and are charged with finding a solution to the problem.

    • Temporary teams
    • Frequently cross-functional
    • Focused on a particular project


Self Managed Teams:

  • Self-managed teams use clear boundaries to create the freedom and responsibility to accomplish tasks in an efficient manner.
  • Self managed team, mean a group of people working together to deliver a project without needing a specific leader or manager to control and direct the group’s activities.
  • Team members are interdependent and the role of supervisor is missing.
  • The role of manager or supervisor, in the case of a self-directed team, is replaced by all the members of the team. Together, they plan and execute the work, day in and day out, carrying out the directions set by management above them.
  • Self managed teams as “groups of employees who have the responsibility and authority to manage the work they do.
  • The teams are also responsible for handling their interpersonal issues within themselves and work without any direct supervision.
  • They are generally composed of 10 to 15 people who take on the responsibilities of their former supervisors. Typically, these responsibilities include:
    • Collective control over the pace of work,
    • Determination of work assignments,
    • Organization of breaks, and
    • Collective choice of inspection procedures used.


Cross functional Teams:

  • A cross-functional team is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal.
  • It may include people from finance, marketing, operations, and human resources departments.
  • Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task.
  • CFTs have shown the flexibility to adapt to changing market needs and the ability to more quickly develop innovative products.
  • CFTs are being used on a part-time basis as opposed to a permanent organizational structure, they are often temporary groups organized for one important purpose.
  • E.g., Task force, project team, management team, product development team.


Virtual Teams:

  • A virtual team (also known as a geographically dispersed team or GDT) is a group of individuals who work across time, space and organizational boundaries with links strengthened by webs of communication technology.
  • Virtual teams do not have hierarchy or any other common structures because they may not be from the same organization, and purpose here brings and holds the team together.
  • Reasons for virtual teams :
    • Team members may not be physically collocated.
    • It may not be practical to travel to meet face-to-face.
    • Team members may work different shifts
    •  Issues can arise with a lack of facial or auditory clues; participants must be taken at their word, even when video-conferencing tools are used.
    • Accountability is impacted by taking a team virtual. Each member is accountable for their tasks and to the team as a whole usually with minimal supervision.
    • Key factors in the success of a virtual team are effective formation of the team, trust and collaboration between members, and excellent communication.


19 comments:

  1. a group of people who work together is known as team.

    ReplyDelete
  2. 1. Meaningful Common Purpose: Individual contributors must collectively understand and commit to their team’s purpose. Therefore, it is up to the manager to clearly define the expectations and responsibilities for each role, and ensure alignment between the person and the role.

    2. Clear Performance Goals: What does success look like? What is the group trying to accomplish? What work needs to be done to achieve the desired outcome? In high functioning teams, managers make sure that all contributors understand and accept both the end goal and the game plan for getting there.

    3. Diversity of Skill and Personality: While managers should strive to have some consistencies in teams (i.e. See #1 and #2), bringing different people together who can offer different skills and perspectives will helps drive creativity and innovation. Moreover, it will help bring balance to the team in terms of tasks, people, risk and rules.

    4. Strong Communication and collaboration: Effective communication between team members and from the manager to the team, sets the foundation for collaboration. Behavioral data can help managers get a better understanding of communication styles and motivating drives, all of which can help managers better predict how the group will interact, potential challenges that may arise and how they may approach shared goals.

    5. and Commitment- One of the key building blocks of successful teams is a strong sense of shared trust among team members. A lack of trust impedes on individuals ability to build rapport and trust thereby jeopardizing productivity.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Team:
    Modern organizations are using more team these days.It is because the team can do better works than the individuals.But there is fundamental confusion between the work team and work group.Actually work group is a group of employees that interacts and to share information and make decisions whereas a work team is group of those employees whose individual efforts provide synergy in performance of whole team.The performance of work group is the summation of individual performance only.

    Types:
    -Problem solving team.
    -Cross functional team.
    -Virtual team.
    -Self managed team.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Team is A group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project.

    Characteristics of a team:
    -Everyone participates actively and positively in meetings and projects.
    -Team goals are understood by everyone.
    -Individual members have thought hard about creative solutions to the problem.
    -Members are carefully listened to and receive thoughtful feedback.
    -Everyone takes initiative to get things done.
    -Each team mate trusts the judgement of the others.
    -The team is willing to take risks.
    -Everyone is supportive of the project and of others.
    -There is plenty of communication between team members.
    -Team decisions are made using organized, logical methods.
    -Full team acceptance is expected as decisions are made.
    -Dissenting opinions are recorded, and may be revisited if future situations dictate.
    -Team goals are given realistic time frames.
    -Everyone is focused on the ultimate goal of the project, while also digging into the underlying details.

    Importance of a team:
    -Creates synergy – where the sum is greater than the parts.
    -Supports a more empowered way of working, removing constraints which may prevent someone doing their job properly.
    -Promotes flatter and leaner structures, with less hierarchy.
    -Encourages multi-disciplinary work where teams cut across organizational divides.
    -Fosters flexibility and responsiveness, especially the ability to respond to change.
    -Pleases customers who like working with good teams (sometimes the customer may be part of the team).
    -Promotes the sense of achievement, equity and camaraderie, essential for a motivated workplace.
    -When managed properly, teamwork is a better way to work!

    ReplyDelete
  5. Types of teams:
    -Task forces:A task force is a group created to work on one clearly-delineated task, problem, or goal.
    -Cross-functional teams: A cross-functional team comprises people from all levels of an organization with different job functions, working to achieve a common goal.
    -Virtual teams: A virtual team is a temporary group created to accomplish specific tasks by using technology to collaborate remotely.
    -Self-Managing teams: A self-managing team is a group of employees working together who are accountable for all or most aspects of their task.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Teams are groups of two or more people who interact and influence each other, are mutually accountable for achieving common objectives and perceive themselves as social entity within an organization. All teams exist to fulfil some purposes, such as assembling a product, providing a service, operating a submarine or making an important decision. Team members are held together by their interdependence and need for collaboration to achieve a common goal.

    All teams require some form of communication so members can coordinate and share common objectives. Team members also influence each other, although some members are more influential than others regarding the team’s goals and activities.

    All teams are groups because they consist of people with a unifying relationship. But not all groups are teams; some groups are just people assembled together. For example, employees who meet for lunch are rarely called teams because they have little or no task. Interdependence (each person called just as easily eat lunch alone) and no purpose beyond their social interaction.

    Types of Teams and Other Groups in Organizations

    There are many types of teams and other groups in organizations. Permanent work teams are responsible for a specific set of tasks in the organization. For instance, most departments are considered permanent teams because employers directly interact and coordinate work activity with each other. Increasingly, employers with different skills work together on work processes. Some hospitals have moved in this direction by forming surgical teams made up of nurses, radiologist, anaesthetists, pharmacologists, and others. These people previously worked in departments based on their speciality. Now they work together on a specific work process.
    Some companies take this team focus much further by forming a team-based organization. Team-based organizations rely extensively on self-directed work teams (SDWTs) organized around work processes rather than specialized departments as core work units. These teams are fairly autonomous so there is less need for direct supervision or someone to report continuously to the executive team.

    They are also cross-functional. This means that unlike traditional departments where employees have similar competencies (e.g. marketing, engineering), SDWTs rely on people with diverse and complementary skills, knowledge and experience.

    Employees often belong to secondary teams that parallel their more permanent positions in the organization. Quality circles fall into this category. Quality circles are small teams of employees who meet for a few hours each week to identify quality, and productivity problems, propose solutions to management and monitor the implementation and consequences of these solutions in their work area. Quality circles are usually permanent, and typically include colleagues in the same work unit.

    Along with permanent teams, organizations rely on temporary teams to make decisions or complete short-term projects. Companies bring together employees from various departments to design a product, solve a client’s problem or search for new opportunities. Task force (also called ad hoc teams) are temporary teams that investigate a particular problem and disband when the decision is made.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Team:
    it is group of those employees whose individual efforts provide synergy in performance of whole team.

    Characteristics:
    -the team is guided by specific goals and collevtive performance becomes the main goal.
    -the outcome of work team is synergic.
    -the leadership roles in work team are shared.
    -the accountability is individual and mutual.
    -member's skills are complementary and diverse.

    The value of teams:
    -increase employee motivation
    -higher level of peoductivity
    -increased employee satisfaction
    -common commitment to goals
    -improved communication
    -expanded job skills
    -organizational flexibility

    Types:
    -problem solving teams
    -cross functional teams
    -virtual teams
    -self managed teams

    ReplyDelete
  8. Non-traditional, innovative work environment relying on teams to achieve its objectives. TBO's major characteristics include (1) mutual trust, (2) employee empowerment in planning, organization, and goal-setting, (3) shared responsibility for self-management, (4) shared accountability for performance, and (5) shared leadership.

    ReplyDelete
  9. A team comprises a group of people linked in a common purpose. Teams are specially appropriate for conducting tasks that are high in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks.

    Characteristics of team:
    •The Right Team Leader: A skillful leader helps the team maintain its focus on major issues.
    •The Right Team Goals: Team goals are derived from critical farm problems that influence whether the business will exist in ten or twenty years
    •The Right Team Members: Team members and team problems should be well matched. As the team sets new goals, the composition of the team should be re-evaluated.
    •The Right Meeting Location: A team meeting is not a committee meeting but a highly creative process that benefits from locations that foster thinking and orderly discussion. Teams should meet in an environment similar to a boardroom, comfortable and away from interruptions and distractions.
    •The Right Solution to Critical Problems and Measuring Outcomes of Actions: Complex problems rarely have simple solutions. Using processes for making decisions can clarify solutions, but solutions often need refinement over time. By frequently tracking progress toward goals and using measuring techniques, the team can monitor the degree of success and evaluate when to intercede.
    •An effective monitoring system for Tracking progress: A well-designed monitoring method will help your team determine when its action plan needs to be improved.
    •The Right Plan of Action: Without a clear action plan the wishes of the team may never be completely implemented. Action plans can be simple but should be in writing so the staff implementing the plan can know what is expected, what is being measured, when results are expected, and refer back to it over time. The action plan becomes the beacon for the team.
    •Communication: Ongoing communication is important between meetings as well as during team meetings.
    • Regular Evaluation of the team's Performance: Stepping back and asking, "Could we do our team work better?" is a good start toward evaluating your team's performance.
    • Celebration of Successes: It is important that you all step back from time to time and acknowledge your progress and celebrate your successes, both small and large.

    Importance of team
    1. To increase employee motivation
    2. To increase level of productivity
    3. To increase employee satisfaction
    4. To achieve common goals
    5. To Improve communication
    6. To expand job skills
    7. To increase organizational flexibility

    Types of teams:
    1. Task forces :A task force is a group created to work on one clearly-delineated task, problem, or goal.
    2. Cross-functional teams: A cross-functional team comprises people from all levels of an organization with different job functions, working to achieve a common goal.
    3. Virtual teams: A virtual team is a temporary group created to accomplish specific tasks by using technology to collaborate remotely.
    4. Self-Managing teams: A self-managing team is a group of employees working together who are accountable for all or most aspects of their task.

    ReplyDelete
  10. A team is a collection of individuals organized to accomplish a common purpose, who are interdependent, and who can be identified by themselves and observers as a team. Teams exist within a larger organization and interact with other teams and with the organization. Teams are one way for organizations to gather input from members, and to provide organization members with a sense of involvement in the pursuit of organizational goals. Further, teams allow organizations flexibility in assigning members to projects and allow for cross-functional groups to be formed.

    Types of teams:
    INFORMAL TEAMS
    TRADITIONAL TEAMS
    PROBLEM SOLVING TEAMS
    LEADERSHIP TEAMS.

    SELF-DIRECTED TEAMS
    VIRTUAL TEAMS.

    ReplyDelete
  11. T.E.A.M = Together everyone achieves more.

    Characteristics of a team:
    -Team goals are understood by everyone.
    -Individual members have thought hard about creative solutions to the problem.
    -Members are carefully listened to and receive thoughtful feedback.
    -Everyone takes initiative to get things done.
    -Each team mate trusts the judgement of the others.
    -The team is willing to take risks.

    Importance of teams:
    -Increase employee motivation
    -Higher level of peoductivity
    -Increased employee satisfaction
    -Common commitment to goals
    -Improved communication
    -Expanded job skills
    -Organizational flexibility

    ReplyDelete
  12. Team:
    Modern organizations are using more team these days.It is because the team can do better works than the individuals.But there is fundamental confusion between the work team and work group.Actually work group is a group of employees that interacts and to share information and make decisions whereas a work team is group of those employees whose individual efforts provide synergy in performance of whole team.The performance of work group is the summation of individual performance only.

    Types:
    -Problem solving team.
    -Cross functional team.
    -Virtual team.
    -Self managed team.

    ReplyDelete
  13. a team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose.,performance goals,and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

    types:
    problem solving
    virtual
    self managed
    cross functional

    value of teams:
    increased employee motivation
    higher level of productivity
    increased employee satisfaction
    common commitment to goals
    improved communication
    expanded job skills
    organizational flexibility, etc

    ReplyDelete
  14. 1. Meaningful Common Purpose: Individual contributors must collectively understand and commit to their team’s purpose. Therefore, it is up to the manager to clearly define the expectations and responsibilities for each role, and ensure alignment between the person and the role.

    2. Clear Performance Goals: What does success look like? What is the group trying to accomplish? What work needs to be done to achieve the desired outcome? In high functioning teams, managers make sure that all contributors understand and accept both the end goal and the game plan for getting there.

    3. Diversity of Skill and Personality: While managers should strive to have some consistencies in teams (i.e. See #1 and #2), bringing different people together who can offer different skills and perspectives will helps drive creativity and innovation. Moreover, it will help bring balance to the team in terms of tasks, people, risk and rules.

    4. Strong Communication and collaboration: Effective communication between team members and from the manager to the team, sets the foundation for collaboration. Behavioral data can help managers get a better understanding of communication styles and motivating drives, all of which can help managers better predict how the group will interact, potential challenges that may arise and how they may approach shared goals.

    5. and Commitment- One of the key building blocks of successful teams is a strong sense of shared trust among team members. A lack of trust impedes on individuals ability to build rapport and trust thereby jeopardizing productivity.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Characteristics of a team:
    -Everyone participates actively and positively in meetings and projects.
    -Team goals are understood by everyone.
    -Individual members have thought hard about creative solutions to the problem.
    -Members are carefully listened to and receive thoughtful feedback.
    -Everyone takes initiative to get things done.
    -Each team mate trusts the judgement of the others.
    -The team is willing to take risks.
    -Everyone is supportive of the project and of others.
    -There is plenty of communication between team members.
    -Team decisions are made using organized, logical methods.
    -Full team acceptance is expected as decisions are made.
    -Dissenting opinions are recorded, and may be revisited if future situations dictate.
    -Team goals are given realistic time frames.
    -Everyone is focused on the ultimate goal of the project, while also digging into the underlying details.

    Importance of a team:
    -Creates synergy – where the sum is greater than the parts.
    -Supports a more empowered way of working, removing constraints which may prevent someone doing their job properly.
    -Promotes flatter and leaner structures, with less hierarchy.
    -Encourages multi-disciplinary work where teams cut across organizational divides.
    -Fosters flexibility and responsiveness, especially the ability to respond to change.
    -Pleases customers who like working with good teams (sometimes the customer may be part of the team).
    -Promotes the sense of achievement, equity and camaraderie, essential for a motivated workplace.
    -When managed properly, teamwork is a better way to work!

    ReplyDelete
  16. Team Management:
    The administration of a group of people assembled to work on a particular project or to perform a particular function within an organization. Team management typically involves setting team priorities and performance objectives, reviewing performance and methods employed, and spearheading the team's decision making process.

    ReplyDelete
  17. Team:
    it is group of those employees whose individual efforts provide synergy in performance of whole team.

    Characteristics:
    -the team is guided by specific goals and collevtive performance becomes the main goal.
    -the outcome of work team is synergic.
    -the leadership roles in work team are shared.
    -the accountability is individual and mutual.
    -member's skills are complementary and diverse.

    The value of teams:
    -increase employee motivation
    -higher level of peoductivity
    -increased employee satisfaction
    -common commitment to goals
    -improved communication
    -expanded job skills
    -organizational flexibility

    Types:
    -problem solving teams
    -cross functional teams
    -virtual teams
    -self managed teams

    ReplyDelete
  18. Team management refers to techniques, processes and tools for organizing and coordinating a group of individuals working towards a common goal or task is called Managing Work Teams.

    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete